2026 欧盟电池法规：2027 年 2 月电池护照、EPR 义务、回收含量目标 | Crossborder Tax Tool
更新于 2026-08-17
欧盟电池法规（EU 2023/1542）取代旧电池指令，对在欧盟销售的所有电池引入全面规则。主要要求包括自2027年2月起对2kWh以上工业电池和电动汽车电池强制数字电池护照、新EPR义务、最低回收含量目标和碳足迹声明。
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法规 (EU) 2023/1542 范围与 5 大电池类别
The EU Battery Regulation (EU 2023/1542) entered into force in August 2023, replacing the old Battery Directive (2006/66/EC). It covers all batteries sold in the EU across 5 categories: (1) portable batteries (consumer electronics, AA/AAA cells), (2) industrial batteries, (3) electric vehicle (EV) batteries, (4) starting/lighting/ignition (SLI) batteries, and (5) light means of transport (LMT) batteries — e-bikes, e-scooters.
The regulation is directly applicable in all member states (no national transposition needed) and applies to both standalone batteries and batteries incorporated into products (smartphones, laptops, power tools). Any business that first places batteries or battery-containing products on the EU market is considered a 'producer' and must comply.
数字电池护照：要求与 2027 年 2 月截止日
A digital battery passport is mandatory for industrial batteries over 2 kWh capacity and all EV batteries from February 2027. The passport is a unique identifier linked to a QR code on the battery, containing: battery composition (materials, substances), performance data (capacity, charge cycles), durability information, carbon footprint and supply chain due diligence data.
The passport must be accessible throughout the battery's entire lifetime and updated with recycling data at end-of-life. It is managed through the EU's centralized battery passport registry. Sellers of products containing batteries below 2 kWh (e.g., smartphones, earbuds) are NOT required to provide a battery passport but must still comply with EPR and labeling obligations.
EPR 义务：每个欧盟成员国均需注册
Battery producers must register for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in each EU member state where they place batteries on the market. Registration includes: providing company and product details, joining an approved producer responsibility organisation (PRO), financing the collection and recycling of waste batteries, and reporting quantities placed on the market.
Collection rate targets: portable batteries must reach 63% collection by 2027 and 73% by 2030. Lithium recovery rate: 50% by 2025, 80% by 2030. EPR fees vary by battery type and volume — portable battery fees typically range from €0.50–3.00/kg depending on chemistry. Non-compliance can result in fines and market exclusion, similar to WEEE enforcement.
分阶段实施时间表：2025–2036
Key milestones: February 2025 — carbon footprint declarations for EV batteries; August 2025 — EPR obligations apply progressively; February 2027 — digital battery passports for industrial >2kWh and EV batteries; August 2028 — QR code labeling requirements; 2031 — first recycled content targets (cobalt 16%, lithium 6%, nickel 6%, lead 85%); 2036 — increased targets (cobalt 26%, lithium 12%, nickel 15%).
For e-commerce sellers, the most immediate deadlines are: labeling requirements (2026), battery passport preparation (2027) and recycled content compliance (2031). Start preparing now: audit your battery supply chain, identify battery chemistry and weight for each product, and engage with PROs in your target markets.
与含电池产品 WEEE 指令的交叉
Products containing batteries (smartphones, laptops, power tools) fall under BOTH the Battery Regulation and the WEEE Directive (2012/19/EU). You must comply with both sets of obligations: WEEE registration in each member state (for the electronic product) and EPR registration for the batteries contained within.
Practical implications: if you sell a smartphone in Germany, you need stiftung ear WEEE registration (for the phone) AND battery EPR registration (for the lithium battery inside). The WEEE Directive requires batteries to be removable and properly labeled. At end-of-life, the product is treated as WEEE, but the battery is separately accounted for under battery recycling targets. Ensure your compliance provider handles both obligations to avoid gaps.
核对依据
本文按以下一手资料整理。规则会变化，请在行动前打开原文确认最新版本。
常见问题
法规涵盖哪些类型的电池？+
法规涵盖所有类别：便携式电池（消费电子）、工业电池、电动汽车电池、起动/照明/点火（SLI）电池和轻型交通工具（LMT）电池（如电动自行车和电动滑板车）。每个类别有特定要求和时间表。
什么是数字电池护照？+
数字电池护照是与电池上二维码关联的唯一标识符，包含电池成分、性能、耐久性和生命周期的详细信息。自2027年2月起，2kWh以上的工业电池和电动汽车电池强制要求。护照必须在电池生命周期内可访问，并在生命周期结束时更新回收数据。
电池生产者的新EPR义务是什么？+
电池生产者必须在投放电池市场的每个欧盟成员国注册，资助废电池的收集和回收，达到收集率目标（便携式：2030年前73%），并报告投放市场的数量。新法规下的扩展生产者责任涵盖所有电池类别。
最低回收含量要求是什么？+
法规规定新电池的最低回收含量：钴（2031年起16%，2036年起26%）、锂（2031年起6%，2036年起12%）、镍（2031年起6%，2036年起15%）和铅（2031年起85%）。这些目标随时间增加以促进循环经济原则。
不同条款何时生效？+
法规于2023年8月生效，分阶段实施：标签要求从2026年开始，电动汽车电池碳足迹声明从2025年2月开始，数字电池护照从2027年2月开始，回收含量目标从2031年开始。EPR义务从2025年起逐步适用。
这是否适用于产品中包含的电池？+
是的，法规涵盖独立电池和嵌入产品中的电池（如智能手机、笔记本电脑、电动工具）。EPR义务适用于首次将电池或含电池产品投放欧盟市场的生产者。进口含电池产品的卖家必须确保同时遵守电池法规和WEEE指令。
继续核对
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在欧盟销售电子产品？WEEE 指令（2012/19/EU）要求在每个成员国注册为生产者。德国罚款最高 €100,000；法国最高 €75,000。了解 6 大 EEE 类别、垃圾桶符号规则、各国每公斤费用基准与平台执法。
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欧盟电池法规（2023/1542）要求向欧盟市场投放电池的卖家在国家机关注册、满足标签要求并遵守物质限制。涵盖便携式、工业和汽车电池。
跨境电商卖家 EPR 费用计算器：各国包装、WEEE 和电池费用
EPR 生态贡献费因国家、材料类型和重量而异。德国包装费起步 €200/年，法国 €150/年，WEEE €300/年。用本指南估算您在欧盟各市场的 EPR 合规总成本。